See toom on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōm",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōm (“empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmaz",
"4": "*tōm(ij)az",
"t": "free, available, empty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doma-",
"t": "to tame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tómur",
"3": "",
"4": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tómur (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more toom",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most toom",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toom (comparative more toom, superlative most toom)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "65 28 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 6 48 15 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 23 4 49 17 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toom-handed"
},
{
"word": "toomly"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1778, Alexander Ross, Fortunate Shepherdess, page 62:",
"text": "Gin she was toom afore, she's toomer now,\nHer heart was like to loup out at her mou'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, The Tyneside Songster:",
"text": "Then hie to the Custom House, add to your pleasures, Now you're well cover'd, so toom the new measures: It ne'er will be finish'd, I'll wager a groat, Till they've cut a canal te admit five-men boats!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, James Matthew Barrie, The Little Minister, page 135:",
"text": "Every time Gavin's cup went to his lips Nanny calculated (correctly) how much he had drunk, and yet, when the right moment arrived, she asked in the English voice that is fashionable at ceremonies, \"if his cup was toom.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, Scribner's Magazine, volume 20:",
"text": "\"You saw it was toom. The lamp had gone out itself, or else — what's that?\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "It seemed to him that his soul had gone from him, and he was as toom as a hazel shell.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1951, Ivor John Carnegie Brown, I break my word, page 120:",
"text": "Bare is much better. 'When she got there, the cupboard was bare' does call up the distress of those with naked larders. 'The cupboard was empty' would not be poignant at all. But 'the cupboard was toom' would utter the voice of real despair.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1974, Ranald Nicholson, Scotland: the later Middle Ages, page 50:",
"text": "His tabard was 'toom' — bare or empty — and Balliol, the unmade king, became 'Toom Tabard'.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Empty; bare."
],
"id": "en-toom-en-adj-BWz6kBH1",
"links": [
[
"Empty",
"empty"
],
[
"bare",
"bare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Empty; bare."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"dialectal",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōm",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōm (“empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmaz",
"4": "*tōm(ij)az",
"t": "free, available, empty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doma-",
"t": "to tame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tómur",
"3": "",
"4": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tómur (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tooms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toom (plural tooms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A piece of waste ground where rubbish is deposited."
],
"id": "en-toom-en-noun-bhwsz~Td",
"links": [
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"rubbish",
"rubbish"
],
[
"deposit",
"deposit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scottish) A piece of waste ground where rubbish is deposited."
],
"tags": [
"Scottish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōm",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōm (“empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmaz",
"4": "*tōm(ij)az",
"t": "free, available, empty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doma-",
"t": "to tame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tómur",
"3": "",
"4": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tómur (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tooms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tooming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toom (third-person singular simple present tooms, present participle tooming, simple past and past participle toomed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To empty; teem."
],
"id": "en-toom-en-verb-XfWOunkH",
"links": [
[
"empty",
"empty"
],
[
"teem",
"teem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or dialectal) To empty; teem."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "tóm",
"t": "vacant time, leisure"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tóm (“vacant time, leisure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmą",
"t": "vacant time, leisure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōmą (“vacant time, leisure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "tómr",
"t": "vacant, empty"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tómr (“vacant, empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tome, tom, from Old Norse tóm (“vacant time, leisure”), from Proto-Germanic *tōmą (“vacant time, leisure”). Related to Old Norse tómr (“vacant, empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tooms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "toom (usually uncountable, plural tooms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, Art and Artists:",
"text": "He had exhausted Bath, but his connections and introductions made the transition easy. There was toom for two in the capital.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vacant time, leisure."
],
"id": "en-toom-en-noun-bPskA5vP",
"links": [
[
"Vacant",
"vacant"
],
[
"leisure",
"leisure"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tomeloos"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: toom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: toom"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*tōm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *tōm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*taum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *taum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*taumaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *taumaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "team"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of team",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch toom, from Old Dutch *tōm, from Proto-West Germanic *taum, from Proto-Germanic *taumaz. Doublet of team.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tomen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toompje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "toom m or n (plural tomen, diminutive toompje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"toom"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "You really need to keep those boys in check",
"text": "Je moet die jongens echt even in toom houden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bridle, rein"
],
"id": "en-toom-nl-noun-TTAnpYuO",
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"rein",
"rein"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 71 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a flock of birds (especially ducks, geese and swans)"
],
"id": "en-toom-nl-noun-mV6Ej7KL",
"links": [
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"duck",
"duck"
],
[
"geese",
"geese"
],
[
"swan",
"swan"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"frenulum"
],
"id": "en-toom-nl-noun-FrYrvEpF",
"links": [
[
"frenulum",
"frenulum"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toːm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toom.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Nl-toom.ogg/Nl-toom.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Nl-toom.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːm"
},
{
"homophone": "Toom"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*toomi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *toomi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ďëme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ďëme",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *toomi, from Proto-Uralic *ďëme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toome",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-külm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22i/külm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "toom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomede",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomesid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomisse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomilt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomeks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedeks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomiks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toometa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomega",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedega",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "toome",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "toome",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "toom (genitive toome, partitive toome)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toome",
"2": "toome"
},
"expansion": "toom (genitive toome, partitive toome)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "too",
"2": "m",
"3": "m",
"4": "e"
},
"name": "et-decl-külm"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian külm-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "et",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "et:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bird cherry"
],
"id": "en-toom-et-noun-hOgn3qMd",
"links": [
[
"bird cherry",
"bird cherry"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "toomingas"
}
]
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tomeloos"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: toom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: toom"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*tōm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *tōm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*taum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *taum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*taumaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *taumaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "team"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of team",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch toom, from Old Dutch *tōm, from Proto-West Germanic *taum, from Proto-Germanic *taumaz. Doublet of team.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tomen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toompje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "toom m or n (plural tomen, diminutive toompje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"toom"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "You really need to keep those boys in check",
"text": "Je moet die jongens echt even in toom houden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bridle, rein"
],
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"rein",
"rein"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a flock of birds (especially ducks, geese and swans)"
],
"links": [
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"duck",
"duck"
],
[
"geese",
"geese"
],
[
"swan",
"swan"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"frenulum"
],
"links": [
[
"frenulum",
"frenulum"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toːm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toom.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Nl-toom.ogg/Nl-toom.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Nl-toom.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːm"
},
{
"homophone": "Toom"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toom-handed"
},
{
"word": "toomly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōm",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōm (“empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmaz",
"4": "*tōm(ij)az",
"t": "free, available, empty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doma-",
"t": "to tame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tómur",
"3": "",
"4": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tómur (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more toom",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most toom",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toom (comparative more toom, superlative most toom)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"Northern England English",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1778, Alexander Ross, Fortunate Shepherdess, page 62:",
"text": "Gin she was toom afore, she's toomer now,\nHer heart was like to loup out at her mou'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, The Tyneside Songster:",
"text": "Then hie to the Custom House, add to your pleasures, Now you're well cover'd, so toom the new measures: It ne'er will be finish'd, I'll wager a groat, Till they've cut a canal te admit five-men boats!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, James Matthew Barrie, The Little Minister, page 135:",
"text": "Every time Gavin's cup went to his lips Nanny calculated (correctly) how much he had drunk, and yet, when the right moment arrived, she asked in the English voice that is fashionable at ceremonies, \"if his cup was toom.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, Scribner's Magazine, volume 20:",
"text": "\"You saw it was toom. The lamp had gone out itself, or else — what's that?\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "It seemed to him that his soul had gone from him, and he was as toom as a hazel shell.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1951, Ivor John Carnegie Brown, I break my word, page 120:",
"text": "Bare is much better. 'When she got there, the cupboard was bare' does call up the distress of those with naked larders. 'The cupboard was empty' would not be poignant at all. But 'the cupboard was toom' would utter the voice of real despair.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1974, Ranald Nicholson, Scotland: the later Middle Ages, page 50:",
"text": "His tabard was 'toom' — bare or empty — and Balliol, the unmade king, became 'Toom Tabard'.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Empty; bare."
],
"links": [
[
"Empty",
"empty"
],
[
"bare",
"bare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Empty; bare."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"dialectal",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōm",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōm (“empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmaz",
"4": "*tōm(ij)az",
"t": "free, available, empty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doma-",
"t": "to tame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tómur",
"3": "",
"4": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tómur (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tooms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toom (plural tooms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A piece of waste ground where rubbish is deposited."
],
"links": [
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"rubbish",
"rubbish"
],
[
"deposit",
"deposit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scottish) A piece of waste ground where rubbish is deposited."
],
"tags": [
"Scottish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōm",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōm (“empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmaz",
"4": "*tōm(ij)az",
"t": "free, available, empty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doma-",
"t": "to tame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tómur",
"3": "",
"4": "empty"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tómur (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tooms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tooming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toom (third-person singular simple present tooms, present participle tooming, simple past and past participle toomed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To empty; teem."
],
"links": [
[
"empty",
"empty"
],
[
"teem",
"teem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or dialectal) To empty; teem."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "tóm",
"t": "vacant time, leisure"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tóm (“vacant time, leisure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōmą",
"t": "vacant time, leisure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōmą (“vacant time, leisure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "tómr",
"t": "vacant, empty"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tómr (“vacant, empty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toom, tome, tom, from Old Norse tóm (“vacant time, leisure”), from Proto-Germanic *tōmą (“vacant time, leisure”). Related to Old Norse tómr (“vacant, empty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tooms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "toom (usually uncountable, plural tooms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, Art and Artists:",
"text": "He had exhausted Bath, but his connections and introductions made the transition easy. There was toom for two in the capital.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vacant time, leisure."
],
"links": [
[
"Vacant",
"vacant"
],
[
"leisure",
"leisure"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*toomi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *toomi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ďëme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ďëme",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *toomi, from Proto-Uralic *ďëme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toome",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-külm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22i/külm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "toom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomede",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomesid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toome",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomisse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomilt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomeks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedeks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomiks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "toomena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toometa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toomega",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toomedega",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "toome",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "toome",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "toom (genitive toome, partitive toome)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toome",
"2": "toome"
},
"expansion": "toom (genitive toome, partitive toome)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "too",
"2": "m",
"3": "m",
"4": "e"
},
"name": "et-decl-külm"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian külm-type nominals",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian nouns",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"et:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"bird cherry"
],
"links": [
[
"bird cherry",
"bird cherry"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "toomingas"
}
],
"word": "toom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for toom meaning in All languages combined (19.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.